ABSTRACT
Objective@#The appropriate function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is essential for maintaining proper reproductive function. In female mammals, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulates reproductive changes that take place in the estrus cycle and are necessary for successful reproduction. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of thymectomy on the estrus cycle in neonatally thymectomized guinea pigs. @*Methods@#In this study, 12 female guinea pigs, six thymectomized and six sham-operated, were studied. The effects of neonatal thymectomy at 5–7 days of age on parameters of the reproductive axis were examined in female guinea pigs. Gonadotropin and 17β-estradiol levels were assessed at regular intervals (days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15) of the estrus cycle, and the time of vaginal opening in the thymectomized and shamoperated guinea pigs was determined. @*Results@#Significant reductions in gonadotropins and 17β-estradiol levels during estrus cycle were found in neonatally thymectomized female guinea pigs compared to sham-operated guinea pigs. @*Conclusion@#The results of this study underscore the importance of the thymus in the neonatal period for normal female reproductive function.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The presence of the thymus gland during early life is essential for the normal development ofimmune system and as well as proper maturation of the hypothalamic – pituitary- gonadal axis. This study wasto investigate the influence of thymus gland on male reproductive function.Aim: The aim of this study to investigate the effect of thymectomy on Morphometric changes of gonads inneonatal, prepubertal and pubertal thymectamized male guinea pigs.Material and Methods: In this study, a total of thirty male guinea pigs, thymectamized (n-6) and sham-operated(n-4) were studied in each group. The comparison of diameter of seminiferous tubules, luminal diameter andepithelial thickness in the thymectamized and sham operated male guinea pigs.Results: No Significant changes in the morphometry of seminiferous tubules of testis in thymectamized maleguinea pigs compared to the sham-operated guinea pigs in all age groups. These results suggest that thymectomyhad no detrimental effects on reproductive system in males at any intervals.
ABSTRACT
Background: Despite of prescribing and administration of drugs to the patient, handling of drugs with utmost care by proper storage and use helps the drug not to lose its potency when administered to a patient. Storage is an important aspect of the total drug control system. There is a need to increase awareness among nurse so as to avoid treatment failure. Exposure to light is a concern with numerous medications due to the potential for photodegradation or other chemical reactions that affect drug stability.Methods: This study was conducted on nursing professionals and students (BSc) students 1st year /2nd year, working in different departments of Inpatient and Outpatient in a tertiary care teaching hospital of RIMS Kadapa. The data was collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire on proper storage of drugs that should be protected from light which consists of 20 items, based on their answers score was given1-10.Results: Among 50, the highest number was occupied by staff nurses (28), followed by head nurses (12), student nurses (8) and the least was nursing officers (2). Majority of them were B.Sc. qualified (26), followed by general nursing (10). The M.Sc and diploma qualified nurses were seven and six in number respectively. Based on scoring they were classified as POOR (<5) 13, AVERAGE (5-10) 24, GOOD (>10) 13.Conclusions: In this study half of the nursing professionals have average knowledge on storage of light sensitive drugs irrespective of their experience, so there is a need to increase awareness on storage of light sensitive drugs.
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Background: Control of post-operative pain is a major concern for the patients and also for the treating physicians. Various analgesic agents such as opioids, nonopioids through various routes such as oral, intravenous, neuraxial, regional for the management of postoperative pain exist. Magnesium has anti-nociceptive properties with additional enhancement of opioid anti-nociception when used epidurally. Materials and methods: The study was a randomized open labelled controlled trail, conducted in the department of anaesthesiology, Govt. Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College and Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu. The data collection for the study was done between June 2016 to June 2017. The study population included people who were undergoing lower limb surgery for various disease conditions. The key outcome variables assessed were highest sensory blockade, time taken for highest sensory level (min), duration of surgery (min), time for regression to L1 (min), duration of analgesia (min). Results: Duration of analgesia was longer in the Magnesium sulphate group, with analgesia lasting for 143.4 +39.57 minutes which was statistically significantly higher compared to Epidural Fentanyl group with 107 (±25.82) minutes. The mean time for regression to L1 was 118 minutes and 119 minutes in group F and FM respectively, there is no statistically significant between two study groups (P value>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the time taken J. Radhika, P. Kayalvizhi. Comparative study of epidural fentanyl and epidural fentanyl with magnesium sulphate for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries. IAIM, 2018; 5(2): 12-19. Page 13 for the highest sensory level (P value>0.05), the duration of surgery and the time taken for the highest sensory level (P value>0.05). Conclusion: Magnesium being a relatively harmless and inexpensive molecule, a non-competitive, Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with its anti-nociceptive properties has a huge role to play in the coming years for postoperative analgesia
ABSTRACT
Background: Adding a small-dose of ketamine provides better postoperative analgesia and reduces morphine consumption after major abdominal surgery. Psychomimetic effects are the most troubling side-effects of ketamine. Hence evaluation of the safety and efficacy of adding ketamine to epidural bupivacaine with morphine is the need of the hour. Materials and methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College and Hospital between April 2015 to March 2016. Study on 60 subjects of ASA I and II category randomized into two groups undergoing elective abdominal surgeries was done. 30 subjects in the study group received ketamine 0.2 mg/kg in addition to epidural morphine 0.05 mg/kg with 0.125% bupivacaine alone received in the control group for post-operative analgesia. The subjects were monitored for 24 hours. Results: The mean time for onset of analgesia and median duration of analgesia was 6.10 ± 1.27 minutes, 13.73 ± 3.10 hours respectively in ketamine group (Group I) whereas it was 12.53 ± 2.08 minutes, 8.27 ± 1.08 hours respectively in the control group. There was no complication or ketamine related side effects in the ketamine group compared to one in the control group.